Ammudim

Geographical Region: Lower Galilee

Longitude: 32.815127173757936     Latitude: 35.40927350521088     Open the map in a new window

More Geographic Info: www.latlong.net/c/?lat=32.815127173757936&long=35.40927350521088

Period: Late Roman and/or Byzantnine

Excavators: Heinrich Kohl and Carl Watzinger (1906) Israel Levine (1979)

Main Finds: Columns, benches and mosiac. One heart shaped pillar still standing.

Inscriptions: Aramaic (Levine 1982: 2, 8-9)

Mosaics: yes

Site Condition: Open to the public

1. Levine, L.I "Excavations at Ḥurvat 'Ammudim" Qadmoniot: A Journal for the Antiquities of Eretz-Israel and Bible Lands 13, 1980: 107-110, (Hebrew).
2. N., "An Aramaic Inscription at the Ancient Synagogue of Umm-el-'Amed" Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society 19, 1955: 183-187, (Hebrew).
3. Adan Bayewitz, D. "The Ceramics From the Synagogue of Horvat Ammudim and their Chronological Implications" Israel Exploration Journal 32/1, 1982: 13-31.
4. Kohl, H. and Watzinger, C. Antike Synagogen in Galilaea. Leipzig, 1916: 71-79.
5. Levine, L.I. "Excavations at Horvat ha-'Amudim" in Ancient Synagogues Revealed. ed. L.I. Levine, Jerusalem, 1981: 78-81.
6. Levine, L.I. "Excavations at the Synagogue of Horvat 'Ammudim" Israel Exploration Journal 32, 1982: 1-12.
7. Levine, L.I. "Horvat Amudim" The New Encyclopedia of Archeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem, 1993: 55-56.

Pictures:

General view - Gilead Peli all rights reserved

Ammudim - a Capital and a Heart Shaped Column | Looking North-West. Gilead Peli all rights reserved

Looking east - Gilead Peli all rights reserved

View From Amuudim | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:71

The Main Door Lintel | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:73

Side Door lintel | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:73

Fragment of the Side Door | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:73

The Synagogue Excavations- View From the North | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:75

The Synagogue Excavations- View from the South | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:75

Ionic Capitals | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:78

Ionic Capitals | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:78

The Northwest Corner Pillar | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:76

The Side Door's Lintel on the Northeast Side of the Synagogue Ruins | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:74

Aramaic Inscription from Ammudim | Avigad 1955: Plate 12 Fig. 1

Aramaic Inscription | Avigad 1955: 184. Corutesy of Israel Exploration Fund

General View of the Synagogue- Looking North | Levine 1980: 108. Courtesy of the Israel Exploration Society.

Area E- The Western Aisle Mosaic Floor with an Inscription | Levine 1980: 109. Courtesy of the Israel Exploration Society.

Area D- The Northern-Western Corner of the Synagogue Where the Coins were Discovered | Levine 1980: 110. Courtesy of the Israel Exploration Society.

Lion Relief on the Main Entrance Lintel | Levine 1980: 110. Courtesy of the Israel Exploration Society.

Plans:

Kohl and Watzinger 1916: Tafel X

Plan of the Synagogue Ruins | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:72

The Pilaster Capital and Cornice of The Middle Gate-Section | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:72

Reconstruction of The Main Door | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:74

Column- Pedestal, Basis and Shaft | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:76

The Capital of the Northwest Corner Pillar- Sketch | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:76

Inoic Capitals- Side View Skecth | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:77

Doric Capital | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:79

Doric Capital | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:79

Doric Capitals | Kohl and Watzinger 1916:79

Plan | Foerster 1972: 40. Courtesy of the Israel Exploration Society.

Plan and Excavations Area | Levine 1980: 108. Courtesy of the Israel Exploration Society.

Links:

• Israel Nature and Parks Authority